Practices
Scientific practices,
delivered to one standard.
Aksh Forensics maintains five scientific practices, each led by a qualified examiner and supported by a documented examination team. This page presents every practice in full — professional overview, scope of examination and the examiner responsible for it.
Practice Directory
Five practices, one page.
Select a practice to move directly to its section below.
01
Questioned Document Examination
Professional Overview
Questioned Document Examination is the scientific study of documents whose authenticity, authorship or integrity is in dispute. It addresses signatures alleged to be forged, handwriting of unknown origin, contracts suspected of alteration, and printed or digital records whose provenance must be established. The discipline is routinely engaged by courts, advocates, banks, insurers and corporate counsel when a written instrument carries legal, financial or reputational consequence.
Disputed documents underpin a significant share of civil and criminal litigation in India — from property and succession matters to banking fraud, employment disputes and contractual challenges. Independent examination provides the trier of fact with objective, reproducible findings rather than assertion.
Scope of Scientific Examination
Handwriting & Signature Examination
Comparison of disputed writings against known standards to determine authorship, simulation or disguise.
- Signature Verification
- Handwriting Comparison
- Authorship Determination
- Anonymous Letter Examination
- Suicide Note Examination
- Threat Letter Examination
- Will & Testament Examination
Document Authentication
Verification of identity instruments, certificates and contractual records against issuing authority specifications.
- Passport Examination
- Aadhaar & PAN Verification
- Driving Licence Verification
- Educational Certificate Verification
- Employment Documents
- Contract & Agreement Verification
- Stamp & Seal Examination
- Printed Document Comparison
Forgery Examination
Detection of alterations, additions, erasures and counterfeit production techniques.
- Alterations
- Additions
- Erasures
- Obliterations
- Overwriting
- Chemical Erasures
- Mechanical Erasures
- Counterfeit Document Examination
Ink & Printing Examination
Differentiation of inks, identification of printing processes and examination of reproduced documents.
- Ink Differentiation
- Printer Identification
- Photocopy Examination
- Digital Print Examination
Methodology
- Stereo microscopy & oblique lighting
- VSC-class spectral comparison
- ESDA-class indented impression study
- Side-by-side morphological analysis
Typical Engagements
- Signature disputes
- Anonymous letters
- Property & succession disputes
- Employment disputes
- Banking fraud
- Contract verification
- Insurance investigations
02
Fingerprint Examination
Professional Overview
Fingerprint Examination is the scientific identification of individuals through the unique ridge detail of their friction skin. It addresses questions of presence, contact and association at a scene, on a weapon, or on a document. The discipline is engaged by investigators, advocates and corporate counsel where physical evidence must be linked — or excluded — from a known individual.
Fingerprints remain among the most enduring and legally accepted forms of physical evidence. Independent examination ensures that identifications are made under documented methodology, reviewed by a second qualified examiner, and reported with the candour required of expert opinion.
Scope of Scientific Examination
Latent Development
Chemical and physical processing of surfaces to visualise latent ridge detail.
- Powder Methods
- Cyanoacrylate Fuming
- Ninhydrin Processing
- DFO Processing
- Small Particle Reagent (SPR)
- Iodine Fuming
Fingerprint Comparison
Application of the ACE-V protocol to compare developed prints against known standards.
- Identification
- Verification
- Elimination
- Palm Print Comparison
Scene Fingerprint Recovery
On-site processing of vehicles, weapons, documents and surfaces for ridge detail.
- Vehicle Examination
- Weapon Examination
- Document Fingerprint Development
- Surface Processing
Expert Consultation
Independent review of fingerprint evidence and preparation of reports for legal proceedings.
- Fingerprint Evidence Review
- Expert Reports
- Court Testimony
Methodology
- ACE-V comparison protocol
- Multi-format substrate processing
- Photographic documentation at 1:1
- Peer-reviewed conclusions
Typical Engagements
- Scene attendance
- Vehicle & weapon processing
- Latent print comparison
- Evidence review
- Expert testimony
- Elimination prints
03
Crime Scene Investigation & Management
Practice Leadership
Hirensinh Parmar
Scientific Lead — Crime Scene Investigation & Management
View Profile →Professional Overview
Crime Scene Investigation is the systematic documentation, recovery and preservation of physical evidence at the location of an incident. It addresses how an event unfolded, what was present, what was disturbed, and what may be reconstructed from the material record. The discipline is engaged by police, insurers, advocates and corporate clients where an authoritative, defensible account of a scene is required.
Physical evidence is perishable. Without disciplined documentation and recovery within hours of an incident, material facts are lost permanently. Independent scene work ensures that recovery, packaging and custody meet the standards a court will later examine.
Scope of Scientific Examination
Documentation
Comprehensive photographic, video and sketch record of the scene before any item is moved.
- Photography
- Videography
- Scene Sketch Preparation
- 360° Scene Documentation (forthcoming)
Evidence Recovery
Recovery, packaging and labelling of biological, trace and impression evidence under controlled protocol.
- Biological Evidence
- Trace Evidence
- Fingerprints
- Questioned Documents
- Fire Debris
- Tool Marks
- Impression Evidence
Scene Reconstruction
Analytical reconstruction of the sequence of events from physical evidence and scene geometry.
- Sequence of Events Analysis
- Bloodstain Documentation
- Vehicle Scene Reconstruction
- Fire Scene Reconstruction
Evidence Management
Documented chain-of-custody, tamper-evident packaging and controlled transport.
- Chain of Custody
- Evidence Packaging
- Preservation
- Transportation
- Documentation
Methodology
- Systematic grid & spiral search patterns
- Sequential documentation before recovery
- Tamper-evident packaging
- Documented transport & custody log
Typical Engagements
- Unattended death scenes
- Vehicle accident scenes
- Fire & explosion scenes
- Burglary & theft scenes
- Industrial incidents
- Civil dispute sites
04
Fire & Arson Investigation
Practice Leadership
Bhagyesh Rathod
Scientific Lead — Fire & Arson Investigation, Insurance Investigation
View Profile →Professional Overview
Fire & Arson Investigation is the scientific determination of the origin, cause and progression of a fire. It addresses whether a fire was accidental, electrical, deliberate or undetermined, and reconstructs the sequence of ignition, spread and damage. The discipline is engaged by insurers, manufacturers, advocates and law-enforcement agencies where the cause of a fire carries financial, regulatory or criminal consequence.
Fire destroys the evidence required to investigate it. A disciplined, methodology-driven examination — conducted under NFPA 921 principles — is essential to distinguish accidental causation from deliberate ignition and to support insurance, regulatory and legal decisions with defensible findings.
Scope of Scientific Examination
Origin & Cause
Determination of the area of origin and the first material ignited across structure and vehicle fires.
- Vehicle Fires
- Residential Fires
- Commercial Fires
- Industrial Fires
Electrical Fire Analysis
Examination of wiring, devices and protective equipment to identify or exclude an electrical cause.
- Short Circuit Analysis
- Arc Mapping
- Fuse Examination
- Battery Examination
- Wiring Analysis
Fire Pattern Analysis
Interpretation of burn patterns, fire spread and the indicators of accelerant use.
- Burn Pattern Analysis
- Fire Spread Analysis
- Accelerant Detection
Insurance Fire Investigation
Independent technical reporting in support of claim adjudication and fraud assessment.
- Vehicle Insurance Claims
- Warehouse Fires
- Factory Fires
- Fraud Assessment
Methodology
- NFPA 921-aligned investigative framework
- Arc mapping & V-pattern analysis
- Accelerant sampling protocols
- Photographic burn-pattern documentation
Typical Engagements
- Vehicle fire claims
- Warehouse fires
- Factory & industrial fires
- Residential fires
- Electrical incidents
- Suspected arson
05
Insurance Investigation & Claim Verification
Practice Leadership
Bhagyesh Rathod
Scientific Lead — Fire & Arson Investigation, Insurance Investigation
View Profile →Professional Overview
Insurance Investigation is the independent verification of claims through site inspection, document examination and technical analysis. It addresses whether a loss occurred as represented, whether documentation supports the claim, and whether indicators of misrepresentation or fraud are present. The discipline is engaged by insurers and reinsurers across motor, property and specialty lines.
Claim adjudication requires an objective record of facts independent of the parties to the claim. Independent investigation protects honest claimants, deters fraud, and provides insurers with the documented technical basis required for fair and defensible decisions.
Scope of Scientific Examination
Motor Claims
Verification of fire, theft and accident claims across private and commercial vehicles.
- Fire Claims
- Theft Verification
- Accident Investigation
- Damage Assessment Support
Property Claims
Site inspection and technical reporting for fire, burglary, flood and machinery loss.
- Fire Damage
- Burglary
- Flood Damage
- Machinery Damage
Fraud Assessment
Identification of staged, false, duplicate and identity-based claims.
- Staged Accidents
- False Claims
- Duplicate Claims
- Identity Fraud
Claim Verification
End-to-end verification combining site work, interview support and documentary cross-checks.
- Site Inspection
- Interview Assistance
- Document Verification
- Technical Reports
Methodology
- Independent site survey
- Cross-verification of documentation
- Technical photographic record
- Structured claim verification report
Typical Engagements
- Motor fire claims
- Vehicle theft verification
- Property fire claims
- Burglary verification
- Suspected fraud
- High-value claims
A Multidisciplinary Framework
Practices that work as one examination team.
Matters rarely sit inside a single discipline. A disputed claim may require document examination, fire investigation and scene documentation in sequence. Our practices are structured to combine, so a single instruction can draw on every examiner required without fragmenting responsibility or custody.
Forthcoming Forensic Disciplines
Scientific capability, built deliberately.
The disciplines below are in development and are not currently offered. They will be released only when methodology, instrumentation and reporting standards meet the same threshold as our current practices.
In Development
Cyber Forensics
Examination of digital devices and electronic records. Potential future areas may include:
- Mobile device examination
- Computer forensics
- Email examination
- Metadata examination
- Deleted file recovery
- Digital evidence assessment
- Social media investigation
In Development
Voice & Audio Forensics
Examination of recorded speech and audio material. Potential future areas may include:
- Speaker comparison
- Voice authentication
- Edited or manipulated audio assessment
- Noise reduction and audio enhancement
- Audio clarification where scientifically appropriate
- Transcript preparation
Future Specialist Services
Advisory capability under consideration.
These specialist services are planned alongside our scientific practices. They are listed for transparency and are not currently available for instruction.
Planned
Litigation Support
Scientific assistance to legal teams. Potential offerings:
- Evidence review
- Expert opinion coordination
- Case consultation
- Scientific report interpretation
- Cross-examination and technical preparation assistance where appropriate
Planned
Banking & Financial Institution Services
Document-led verification for lenders and financial institutions. Potential offerings:
- Signature verification
- Forged cheque examination
- Loan document verification
- Mortgage and security document examination
- KYC and identity-related document analysis
Planned
Corporate Forensic Services
Discreet examination support for organisations. Potential offerings:
- Internal investigation support
- Document-related fraud examination
- Contract authenticity assessment
- Procurement and vendor-related investigation support
- Corporate evidence review
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